Each forming stage consists of one of the following processes: Crash Form, Single Action, Double Action and Triple Action. There are of five basic setup pages in each forming stage. Description of each pages are listed in the following sections.
The General page enables the user to define information such as Title, Working coordinate system, Acceleration time, and coupled thermal analysis for the current stage. A typical General page is illustrated in Figure 8.2.14.
Figure 8.2.14 A typical General page
TITLE
This function allows the user to key in the title for each forming stage. For multi-stage stamping simulation, the user can specify different titles for each stage.
WORKING COORDINATE SYSTEM
This function allows user to set the working coordinate system for each stage. AutoSetup supports arbitrary stamping direction. Default working coordinate system is set as Global Z direction. The user may choose a CS from the list of coordinate system as Working Coordinate System of the current stage, or click on the Select button to select from the display screen. If local stamping direction is needed, the user can click the New button to define LCS for the current stage. The local W direction is chosen as the stamping direction. The newly created LCS will be automatically set as the working CS of the current stage. Refer to Section 2.5 for a description about creating LCS.
TOOL ACCELERATION TIME
This function allows the user to set the acceleration time for tool motion curve. During defining motion curve in LS-DYNA, the user had better provide an acceleration time to ensure the stability of calculation when the velocity increases from 0 to maximum. The default acceleration time is 0.001(s), as illustrated in Figure 8.2.15.
Figure 8.2.15 Set acceleration time
THERMAL ANALYSIS
If the user selects the COUPLED THERMAL STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, the program will add a Thermal page after the Tools page. All the parameters for thermal forming will be set in the Thermal page. Refer to Section 8.2.8 for a detailed description about the setup of thermal forming.
In Blank page, the user can define Part, Material, Thickness and Property of blank. Furthermore, the user may define weld line for tailor-welded blank application, contact interface for laminated sheets, blank symmetry constraints and single point constraints, etc. The interface of Blank page is illustrated in Figure 8.2.16.
Figure 8.2.16 Interface of Blank Page
GEOMETRY
PARTS
As shown in Figure 8.2.17, the Part field allows the user to assign a part as blank for stamping simulation. After clicking the Define geometry… button, the DEFINE GEOMETRY dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.18 is displayed.
Figure 8.2.17 Geometry field
Figure 8.2.18 Define Geometry dialog box
ADD PART: This function allows user to define blank by selecting one or more parts from the part list. Once selected, the parts are highlighted on the screen, as well as in the Parts List of the SELECT PART dialog box.
REMOVE PART: This function allows the user to remove selected parts from the part list.
ADD ELEM: This function allows the user to add selected elements as blank.
COPY ELEM: This function allows the user to copy or offset elements from existing elements. The elements will be added to a new part, which is then defined as blank.
SPLIT PART: This function allows user to split the blank into several blanks. Different material, thickness and properties can be assigned to each blank. The user can easily generate the blanks for stamping simulation using tailor-welded blank.
DISPLAY: This function allows the user to display all the parts which are defined as blank. The user may easily check and repair the blank mesh without displaying other parts on the screen.
EXIT: This function allows the user to dismiss the DEFINE GEOMETRY dialog box.
After blank parts are defined, the names of each part are displayed in the Part field. The default material, thickness and property are assigned for the part. The user may reassign material, thickness and property for each part.
MATERIAL
The AutoSetup
defines a default type 36 material for blank part. The user may click button under Material to modify or create material. After
clicking the button, the Material window illustrated in Figure 8.2.19 is displayed.
Figure 8.2.19 Define material
NOTE: If no material is assigned to the Part, the BLANKMAT is listed in material button. After defining the material, the material name is displayed on the button.
The user can click button to enter the Material interface illustrated in Figure 8.2.20 to modify material or add a
new material.
Figure 8.2.20 Material Define dialog box
TYPE: Display defined material type. AutoSetup currently supports the following material types: 1, 4, 18, 24, 36, 37, 39, 64, 106 and 125.
NAME: Display the defined material name.
NEW: Allow the user to create new blank material. After clicking this button, the list of material types illustrated in Figure 8.2.21 is displayed. The user may select one of the material types from the list. Once a material type is chosen, the MATERIAL dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.22 is displayed.
Figure 8.2.21 Select material type
Figure 8.2.22 Material dialog box
Forming Limit
Curve (FLC): This
parameter should be defined if material type 39 is chosen. If no FLC curve is
defined, <NONE> is displayed at the FLC input field. To define FLC curve,
click button
to display the FLC curve edit dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.23.
NOTE: The FLC curve defined in AutoSetup is represented in engineering strain.
In the FLC curve edit dialog box, the user may enter the FLC data points directly in the INPUT page. Alternatively, the user may define FLC curve using KEELER’s FLC empirical equation provided in the FORMULA page. After entering the n and t values, click the APPLY button to generate the FLC. The FLC curve is displayed in the show curve interface illustrated in Figure 8.2.23. A detailed description of the curve edit operation is provided in Section 8.2.4.4.
NOTE: The user may set strain type in the Operation page. The strain type of the exported FLC curve is the same with the selected strain type. The strain type of the imported FLC curve is determined by the strain type label in file.
Figure 8.2.23 FLC Curve
EDIT: Allows the user to edit the material parameters listed in the MATERIAL dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.24.
Figure 8.2.24 Material Edit dialog box
NOTE: Edit Material and Define Material dialog boxes are basically identical. The user may modify any parameter in the dialog box, except the material type. If the user needs to change the material type, he/she must create the material properties.
IMPORT: Allows the user to import a material file. The suffix of the file name is “.mat” or other suffix. By default, Import Material window illustrated in Figure 8.2.25 is displayed when the button is hit.
NOTE: For PC users, the extension of material file may be associated with Microsoft Office Access. The “.mat” extension will not be displayed, but the extension of material files may be viewed from the console model. To display the “.mat” extension, the user must delete the association between the “.mat” extension and Microsoft Office Access.
Figure 8.2.25 Import Material window
After selecting a file, the user may click the IMPORT button to import selected material and assign it to the selected blank part.
EXPORT: Allows the user to export and write the current material into a file. The file is saved with an extension “.mat”. The Export Material window is illustrated in Figure 8.2.26.
Figure 8.2.26 Export Material window
MATERIAL LIBRARY: This function enables the user to select the type of generic material library in eta/DYNAFORM. There are four types of generic material library supported by eta/DYNAFORM. They are United States, EUROPE, CHINA, and JAPAN. The User Defined material library option is provided to enable users to build their own material library.
Figure 8.2.27 Material Library Standard
After selecting a type of material library, the material library GUI illustrated in Figure 8.2.28 is displayed. The user proceeds by selecting a type of material from the library to be assigned as the blank material.
The Material Library interface allows the user to conveniently select a type of material. The right key menu enables the user to expand each node of tree structure. The number listed in the parentheses next to each material indicates the material type. The previously selected material type number will be displayed in the parentheses.
NOTE: The materials in the material library are only for reference. The user can obtain the detailed material parameters from the material suppliers. Engineering Technology Associates, Inc. assumes no liability or responsibility to any person or company for direct or indirect damages resulting from the use of any information contained in the material library.
The user-defined material is saved in the user-defined directory. The user can set the default path of material library from the Option/Material Library menu.
Figure 8.2.28 GUI of Material Library
l User Defined
This function allows the user to add, delete, and rename the user-defined material library. The added material library will be shown in the list of material library. The User Defined Standard dialog box is illustrated in Figure 8.2.29.
ADD: Add and define the name of the user-defined material library.
RENAME: Edit the name of the user-defined material library.
DELETE: Remove the user-defined material library.
Figure 8.2.29 User Defined Standard dialog box
l
This function allows the user to jump between the types of material model within the material strength level. If the material strength level is highlighted, the user can click the button to jump between the types of material strength level within the material category.
l Category
Click the right mouse button at the root node of tree structure to create a new material category, strength level and type of material. Default material categories are Steel and Aluminum. The user can assign a name to the new material category, and rename or delete the material category. As illustrated in Figure 8.2.30, the list of each node is displayed if the right mouse button is hit.
Figure 8.2.30 The corresponding list of each node
l Strength Level
The material library allows the user to classify the following steel grades: Low, Medium, High, Advanced High, Hot Roll and Cold Roll. Users can easily manage their own material library.
l Material Name
The user can click the right mouse button of Strength Level to define a new material. The Create Material dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.31 is displayed. The user can select material type and edit material parameters in this dialog box. The default material name is similar to its title. The user must specify the path of the new material prior to saving it.
Figure 8.2.31 Create Material dialog box
l Material Type
The user can click the right mouse button of Material Name to define or import the new material type. The user can also click the right mouse button of Material Type to edit or delete material type. The Create Material Type dialog box is illustrated in Figure 8.2.31, the Import Material dialog box is illustrated in Figure 8.2.32. After the material is imported, the type of material number is automatically assigned.
Figure 8.2.32 Import Material dialog box
THICKNESS
By default, the thickness value for blank is defined in the New Simulation dialog box. The user can edit thickness of blank in Thickness field.
PROPERTY
By default, the properties of blank are set as illustrated in Figure 8.2.33. These blank properties are good for most stamping simulation.
Figure 8.2.33 Define Blank Properties
ELEMENT FORMULATION: This option allows the user to choose type of element formulation. Currently, 16 shell element formulations are supported in eta/DYNAFORM. In addition, thick shell and solid element formulation are available. The default element formulation is No. 2 BELYSTSCHKO-TSAY shell element formulation. This element formulation is the most popular and economical one for sheet metal forming simulation. For springback analysis, it is recommended to select No. 16 Full Integration element formulation in both draw simulation and springback analysis.
NUMBER OF INTEGRATION POINTS: The default number of integration points is 5. Increasing through thickness integration points may improve the precision of simulation result. On the other hand, the simulation time will drastically increase. For draw simulation without considering springback, the default through thickness integration points is recommended. If there is draw forming simulation with subsequent springback analysis, through thickness integration points of 7 or greater is suggested.
OK: Save the current setting and exit Define Property dialog box.
DEFAULT: Use the default value.
CANCEL: Exit the dialog box without saving the modification of the current setting.
POSITION
This function allows the user to move the position of blank along U, V and W direction illustrated in Figure 8.2.34. After auto positioning, the movement along W direction is listed in the Position field.
Figure 8.2.34 Position field
TRANSFORMATION
In multi-stage forming setup, the user is allowed to translate/rotate the blank or change the coordinates of blank in the next stage, as illustrated in Figure 8.2.35. The sequence of translation and rotation is very important. Usually, it is suggested to carry out rotation operation first and then translation.
Figure 8.2.35 Transformation
The user may click the DEFINE button in the Blank setup page to enter the Transformation dialog box, as illustrated in Figure 8.2.36. The added transformation operations will be displayed in the list. The user can click the arrow to adjust the sequence of transformation operations, or click the DELETE button to delete the defined transformation operation.
Figure 8.2.36 Transformation dialog box
ADD: add translation, rotation or LCS2LCS operation.
EDIT: edit the defined translation, rotation or LCS2LCS operation.
APPLY: add the defined translation, rotation or LCS2LCS operation to the list.
TRANSLATION: define the direction and distance of translation. There are three methods to define translation:
1. Enter the distance along U, V and W directions. The direction of translation and distance is automatically calculated according to the input. If the DIRECTION button is hit, the direction of translation is displayed in the dialog box and marked with an arrow in the display screen. The distance is displayed in the DISTANCE field.
2. Click on the DIRECTION button to define direction of translation. Then, exit the DIRECTION dialog box and key in the desired distance in the data input field of DISTANCE. The direction of translation and distance is automatically calculated according to the input.
3. Click on 2 Points/Nodes button, followed by selecting two points/nodes from the display screen. The direction of translation and distance is automatically calculated according to the input.
ROTATION: Define rotation axis and angle. Rotate the model about any axis of the current coordinate system with any input angle.
LCS2LCS: Conversion of local coordinate system. The user is allowed to convert the model from one coordinate system to another. The translation and rotation information automatically output.
SYMMETRY
This function allows
the user to create symmetry condition for the blank to reduce simulation time.
The user may define either ½ or ¼ symmetrical condition along the line of
symmetry of blank. ½ and ¼ blank mesh is required for applying ½ and ¼
symmetrical conditions, respectively. By default, None is displayed in the
field of Symmetry type illustrated in Figure 8.2.43, indicating no symmetry
condition is applied to blank. The user may click button to display the SYMMETRY
PLANE dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.37.
Figure 8.2.37 Symmetry field
1/2 SYMMETRY
This function allows the user to define ½ symmetrical blank. The interface is illustrated in Figure 8.2.38.
Figure 8.2.38 Define Symmetry Plane
SYMMETRY AXIS: The current user defined symmetry plane information is displayed in this field. The symmetry plane is specified by a point, a vector and WCS direction.
O(0,0): Indicates the coordinate of starting point of the vector defining symmetry plane.
X(1,0): Indicates either UW- or VW-plane chosen as symmetry plane.
UW-PLANE: A plane parallel to WCS’s UW plane is chosen as symmetry plane. The user specifies the location of plane by using the Select Points function illustrated in Figure 8.2.44. The position of symmetry plane is displayed in O (0, 0), while the direction of symmetry is displayed in X (1, 0). A vector is displayed in WCS’s UW plane on the screen to show the symmetry plane. See Figure 8.2.39 for more details.
VW-PLANE: A plane parallel to WCS’s VW plane is chosen as symmetry plane. The user specifies the location of plane by using the Select Points function illustrated in Figure 8.2.44. The position of symmetry plane is displayed in O (0, 0), while the direction of symmetry is displayed in X (0, 1).
2 POINTS ON UV-PLANE: Enables the user to define the vector of symmetry plane by selecting two points. The symmetry plane is parallel to W axis. The first point of the vector specifies the position of the symmetry plane.
SELECT POINT(S): Allows the user to select one or two points to specify symmetry plane. If the user selects UW-plane or VW-plane option, only one point is required to specify the location of symmetry plane. If the user selects 2-Points on UV-plane option, then two points are required to define symmetry plane.
TOLERANCE: Default tolerance is 0.01. Nodes fall inside the tolerance are defined with symmetry boundary condition. The user may increase tolerance to extend the search range for nodes on symmetry plane.
Figure 8.2.39 Define Symmetry
1/4 SYMMETRY
This function allows the user to apply symmetry boundary condition on ¼ symmetry blank. After defining a vector, another vector normal to the defined vector is automatically created to specify the other symmetry plane. Figure 8.2.40 illustrates a typical definition of ¼ symmetry planes.
Figure 8.2.40 Define 1/4 Symmetry
WELDS
In the AutoSetup, the user can conveniently set the forming simulation of tailor-welded and composite blanks. After multiple blank parts are defined, the Welds option is activated on Blank page illustrated in Figure 8.2.41.
Figure 8.2.41 Define Tailor-welded Blank
After the weld lines are defined, the information of weld lines is displayed in Welds list.
ADD WELD
This function allows the user to select adjacent nodes to define weld element. After clicking the ADD button, the BLANK WELD dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.42 is displayed.
NOTE: The NODE PAIR of weld must consist of two separate nodes with different positions. Different nodes with the same position or identical nodes with the same position are not allowed.
Figure 8.2.42 Define Weld dialog box
NODAL PAIRS: Display number of nodal pairs. After the user selecting nodal pairs, the number is displayed in the data box.
OVERLAP BLANK: The user needs to select this option for overlap blank. After selecting this option, the line connecting the nodal pair is normal to its connecting element.
WELD WIDTH: Specify the width of weld. Default width is 1.0 (mm). If the distance between the selected node pair is smaller than the default value, weld is defined for the selected node pair. The user may adjust the width to include the node pairs with a larger gap.
WELD: The user may click this button to select node pair. From the displayed SELECT NODE PAIR dialog box, select two rows of nodes required for definition of weld node. After selecting the nodes, weld as illustrated in Figure 8.2.43 is defined between nodal pairs.
Figure 8.2.43 Define Weld
Note: If the nodes are offset manually before defining the weld, the user only needs to select the offset two rows of nodes when defining. If the nodes are not offset before defining the weld, the program will automatically offset the selected nodes 0.05 towards their element directions after the user selects the common nodes for two parts and define the offset nodes as weld. This process is automatically completed by the program. The user only needs to select the common nodes for two parts with different materials or thickness, as illustrated in Figure 8.2.44.
(a) Before (b) After
Figure 8.2.44 Offset Node
CLEAR: This button allows the user to remove the current defined welds and combine the node pairs of welds to one node.
FAILURE: The user may define failure criteria for the weld.
NEVER FAILURE: By default, the NEVER FAILURE option is chosen to ensure weld does not fail during the stamping simulation.
CONDITIONAL FAILURE: Allows the user to define conditional failure criteria and its relevant parameters. A detailed description is available in the LS-DYNA User’s Manual.
EDIT
This function allows the user to edit the defined weld. The user may delete the selected nodal pair, add a new nodal pair, modify weld failure criteria, etc.
CLEAR
After a weld line is defined, weld information such as number of nodal pairs, failure criteria of weld is displayed in the weld list illustrated in Figure 8.2.45.
Figure 8.2.45 Welds List
The user may delete a weld by clicking the Edit button, followed by clicking the Clear button to remove the current weld definition.
CONTACT
This function allows the user to define the contact types and contact parameters of single surface, and between blank parts.
Figure 8.2.46 Define Contact Between Blanks
SINGLE SURFACE
This option allows the user to define the contact of blank itself and the surface contact of blank with other parts. The program will automatically decide the contact place for the model surface.
BETWEEN PARTS
If the defined blanks are overlapped, between parts option must be toggled on, otherwise, the calculation will be wrong. At the same time, the user can modify contact parameters such as friction coefficient, contact type, etc. As shown in Figure 8.2.46, if it is not overlap blank simulation, this option does not need to be toggled on by default.
ADVANCED
The user may modify some contact parameters between blanks through advanced options illustrated in Figure 8.2.47.
Figure 8.2.47 Define Advanced Contact Parameters
CONTACT TYPE: This function allows the user to select type of contact algorithm illustrated in Figure 8.2.48.
Figure 8.2.48 Define type of contact algorithm
STATIC FRICTION COEF.: Allows the user to define static coefficient of friction. Default value is 0.125.
VISCOUS FRICTION COEF.: Allows the user to define viscous coefficient of friction. Default value is 0.
VISCOUS DAMPING COEF.: Allows the user to define viscous coefficient of damping. Default value is 20.0.
DYNAMIC FRICTION COEF.: Allows the user to define dynamic coefficient of friction. Default value is 0.
DECAY COEF.: Allows the user to define coefficient of decay. Default value is 0.
In the Tools definition page, the user may add and remove tools, adjust position between blank and tools, define tool properties, working direction and contact between blank and tools. The interface is illustrated in Figure 8.2.49.
Figure 8.2.49 Tools definition page
TOOL LIST
The list of tool names is displayed in the box on left hand of Tools definition page. The indented tool name button indicates the tool is working tool. In AutoSetup, default tools are set according to the selected process type. For example, if SINGLE ACTION process is chosen, default tools consist of die, punch and binder. Each basic parameter is set with default value, except for tool part, working direction, contact offset, etc. The user may directly define each tool from the menu page to saves time for defining tools.
NOTE: Undefined tool is labeled in red. In each setup, undefined parameters are labeled in red to remind the user that the setup is incomplete.
ADD TOOL
The ADD TOOL function allows the user to create a new tool in current setup. The user may click ADD button to switch the interface to the new tool interface illustrated in Figure 8.2.50.
Figure 8.2.50 New Tool interface
TOOL NAME
Allow the user to define a name for current tool. Default tool name is tool1, tool2, tool3, etc. The user may define a meaningful tool name for the current tool for the ease of identifying each tool in the stamping simulation.
DEFAULT SETTING
Allow the user to set default setting for current tool such as working direction, offset, etc. There are two options in default setting. One is using existing tool as reference, which newly generated tool adopted the basic parameters of the reference tool. The other one is to set the default setting of basic parameters of the newly generated tool.
USE SETTING OF TOOL: New tool adopts basic parameters of an existing tool. The user may select an existing tool from the pull-down list.
USE SETTING OF GUIDE PIN: Use the default parameters of guide pin to define a new tool. This tool does not have working direction and the contact type is *CONTACT_FORMING_NODES_TO_SURFACE.
USE DEFAULT SETTING: Use default parameters to define the new tool. The working direction of this tool is WCS +W direction. Both contact offset and travel distance is equal to 0.
APPLY
Enable the user to generate new tool and list it in the tool list.
DELETE TOOL
This function allows the user to remove current tool from the setup. The user may select any tool from tool list as current tool, following by clicking the DELETE button. The DELETE TOOL dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.51 is displayed. Click OK to delete the current tool. Click OK to delete the current tool, or Cancel to quit the operation.
Figure 8.2.51 Delete Tool dialog box
TOOL NAME
This function allows the user to modify current tool name. When creating a tool, the user may arbitrary assign a name for the tool. After the tool is generated, the user may edit the tool name listed in Tools definition page. In the input field of NAME, the user may key in new tool name and press “Enter [CR]” to complete the operation.
NOTE: Each tool must have a unique name. If the newly created tool has the same name with an existing tool in the setup, numerical number will be added at the end of new tool name, e.g. die 1, die 2, punch 1, punch 2, etc.
TOOL GEOMETRY
This function allows the user to assign parts in current tool. The user may add one or more parts in current tool. Click Define geometry button to display the DEFINE GEOMETRY dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.52.
Figure 8.2.52 Tool Define Geometry dialog box
ADD PART: This function allows the user to select one or more parts from part list to define tool. The selected parts are displayed in Parts List window.
REMOVE PART: This function allows the user to remove selected parts from the Part List.
ADD ELEM: This function allows the user to add selected element(s) to the current tool.
COPY ELEM: This function allows the user to COPY or OFFSET element(s) from existing elements. If only one die face is defined, the user may COPY or OFFSET tools (punch and binder) using this function. The COPY ELEMENTS dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.53 is displayed.
Figure 8.2.53 Copy Elements dialog box
OFFSET ELEMENTS: This function allows the user to offset new elements from existing elements and include these elements into the new part in current tool. The default name of new part is OFFSET01, OFFSET02, etc. Usually, this option is toggled off, indicating only copy element operation is chosen.
DISTANCE: Element offset distance. Default distance is 1.1 times of the thickness. The user may key in desired offset distance. The user may reverse offset direction by setting a negative offset thickness, such as -1.0.
CLEAR: This function allows the user to clear selected elements. The user may use SELECT button to re-select elements.
SELECT: This function allows the user to select element(s) for copy or offset operation. If the button is hit, the SELECT ELEMENTS dialog box is displayed.
APPLY: After selecting elements, the user may click APPLY to perform copy or offset operation.
UNDO: The user may click UNDO to cancel the last operation.
EXIT: Exit COPY ELEMENT dialog box.
CREATE GUIDE/PIN: This function allows the user to create GUIDE and/or PIN. A new part for the GUIDE is created and included as current tool. Default name of new GUIDE is Guide000, Guide001, etc. For detailed description of GUIDE and PIN, refer to Section 11.6.
DISPLAY: This function allows the user to display parts that are corresponding to the current tool on the display screen. After tool geometry is defined, parts corresponding to this tool are displayed in the part list.
SHARE: In multiple stages setup, one stage can refer to the tools of other stages. However, the tools in the identical stage cannot be referred to. This function is commonly used to define the tools for gravity load stage. The reference tool and the referenced tool share the same property. If there is only one stage and no reference tool, this button is disabled. The Reference tool dialog box is illustrated in Figure 8.2.54.
Figure 8.2.54 Reference tool dialog box
POSITION
This function enables the user to position tool by entering the travel distance between tool and HOME, as shown in Figure 8.2.55. Show geometry button is used to show/hide the display of the current tool.
Figure 8.2.55 Tool Positioning
WORKING DIRECTION
In each setup, a unique working direction of tool has to be defined. Working direction is the direction of tool traveling towards the blank.
NOTE: Working direction is a vector originated from the tool and pointing towards the blank. It is not the actual direction of tool travel. The vector can be pointing to the opposite direction of direction of tool travel. The interface of working direction is illustrated in Figure 8.2.56.
Figure 8.2.56 Define Working Direction
DIRECTION: This function displays the working direction of current tool as a
vector. Default starting point of the vector is WCS (0, 0, 0). The coordinate
of the end point is also displayed in this box. The User may click button to
modify the working direction using the DEFINE DIRECTION dialog box illustrated
in Figure 8.2.57.
Figure 8.2.57 Define Tool Working Direction of Tool
DIRECTION
This function allows the user to determine direction using defined vector. The origin of the vector is similar to the origin of current coordinate system. The coordinate of end point is determined by the user.
- Define U coordinate
for the endpoint of vector.
- Define V coordinate for the endpoint of vector.
- Define W coordinate
for the endpoint of vector.
REVERSE
This function allows the user to reverse the defined direction.
2-POINTS/NODES
This function allows the user to select two points or nodes to define a direction.
3-POINTS/NODES
This function allows the user to select three points or nodes to define a direction. The defined direction is perpendicular to the plane defined by the three selected points/nodes. The direction follows the right hand rule.
ELEMENT NORMAL
This function allows the user to select an element. The normal direction of selected element is working direction.
EXISTING LCS
This function allows the user to select a coordinate axis from the defined LCS as the working direction. After clicking this button, the dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.58 is displayed. The user proceeds to select a LCS and direction for CS. If no LCS is defined in the database, this button is disabled.
Figure 8.2.58 Existed LCS dialog box
MOVEMENT: This function is used to displays the tool travel distance along the working direction from tool’s original position after positioning operation. If negative value is observed, the tool moves in the opposite direction of working direction. The user can directly enter the travel distance to adjust tool.
CONTACT
This function allows the user to define contact parameter between the blank and tools.
OFFSET: When defined tools are copied from the die face, contact offset is required for corresponding tools. For example, if the new punch is generated according to die face, an offset value is required for the corresponding punch. The blank thickness is used as the offset value. The user may change the value according to requirement.
FRICTION COEF: Allow the user to specify coefficient of friction.
ADVANCED: Define advanced parameters for contact interface. Detailed description of contact definition is available in Section 8.2.4.2 and LS-DYNA User’s Manual. In the Advanced dialog box, the user is allowed to define a table to describe the relationship between dynamic friction coefficient and relative velocity as well as press, as illustrated in Figure 8.2.59.
Figure 8.2.59 Function relationship
ASSOCIATION
This option is used to define contact between two tools. The user can select tools which have contact relationship from the drop-down list. The slave tool will move with the master tool when they contact with each other. The contact type of tools is *CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE. The contact between tools is not defined by default.
POSITIONING
This function is used to control the initial position of tooling and blank in the stamping simulation, relatively to the original position. This function includes both auto and manual positioning illustrated in Figure 8.2.60. The user may select the checkbox of OnBlank option to activate auto positioning. Alternatively, the user may key in travel distance of the tool in the input box for Tools to perform manual positioning. After entering the travel distance of blank and/or tools, the user clicks ENTER key to update the position of blank and tools in display screen.
Figure 8.2.60 Tool Positioning
BLANK POSITION: The user may enter a value in the input data field to position the blank. The user may also select a tool from the drop-down list as reference for positioning of blank, and show the travel distance of the blank relatively to its original position. If the latter option is chosen, the checkbox of OnBlank option for the selected tool is disabled.
TOOL MOVEMENT: All the defined tools are listed in the Tools field. The user may define the initial position of tooling by entering a value for each tool in the input data field. If the checkbox of OnBlank option for the selected tool is toggled on, the tool position is automatically calculated according to the blank position. The movement of tool relatively to its original position is listed in input data field. Modification of this value is prohibited.
NOTE: Auto positioning of tools and blank are carried out along the working direction. The user must specify working direction for each tool prior to performing auto-positioning.
GAP BETWEEN BLANK AND TOOL: The default gap is the thickness of blank. The user may also set the corresponding gap according to requirements. If Auto option is selected, the program will use the default gap value.
ROUND OFF: Select this option to round the auto-positioning values, otherwise, decimal format is kept.
RESET: Clear all the travel distances between tools and blanks and reset to the initial position prior to positioning operation.
OK: Save result of positioning and exit the POSITIONING dialog box.
CANCEL: Exit the POSITIONING dialog box without saving positioning result.
AUTO ASSIGN
This function is used to assign the parts with standard names as the corresponding tools, such as BLANK, BINDER AND PUNCH. It is recommended not to use this function in multi stage analysis.
The PROCESS definition page includes the basic setup of process parameters. It includes stamping speed, blank holding force, forming time, etc. The user may change process parameters according to the actual stamping condition. Moreover, the user may add and delete any process. The basic process setup interface is shown in Figure 8.2.61.
Figure 8.2.61 Process definition page
PROCESS LIST
On the left of the process definition page, all defined process names are listed in the window of Stages. The current process name is highlighted in the list. The user may click another process from the list to switch the current process. Default process is specified according to defined process type. For example, if SINGLE ACTION process is chosen, closing and drawing are created as default process. There are also default settings for the basic parameters such as stamping speed, blank holding force, stamping time, etc. Usually, few parameters are modified.
ADD STEP
This function allows the user to add a new step in the current setup. The user may click the ADD button to display the new step interface illustrated in Figure 8.2.62.
Figure 8.2.62 New process interface
STEP NAME
Allows the user to name the current step. Default step names are step1, step2, step3, etc. The user may define a unique name for each step for the ease of identifying the process.
DEFAULT SETTING
Allows the user to select a default setting for the new step. In default setting, the user may select the program default parameters for the new step. Otherwise, the user may choose to use the parameters of any defined step.
USE SETTING OF STEP: New step adopts parameters of existing step. The user may select an existing process from the pull-down list.
USE DEFAULT SETTING: Use system default parameters to define a new step.
INSERT POSITION
The user is allowed to insert a new stage before or after any stage.
NOTE: The step position cannot be modified after inserting the step.
DELETE STEP
This function allows the user to remove the current step from setup. The user may select a step from the step list as the current step, followed by clicking the DELETE button to display the dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.63. Click on the OK button to delete the current step, or the Cancel button to abort the delete operation.
Figure 8.2.63 Delete process dialog box
STEP NAME & TYPE
NAME
Display name of the current step. The user may type in a new name in the input data field of Name.
TYPE
Allows the user to select the type of current step: Drawing or Hydroforming.
TOOL CONTROL
This function is used to control action of tools define travel speed, blank holding force, travel curve, etc. in the current step. A typical tool control option is illustrated in Figure 8.2.64.
Figure 8.2.64 Tool Control Option
TOOLS
List all tools.
ACTION & VALUE
This group lists all tool control options. Each tool can be controlled by one of the following options: NON-ACTIVE, STATIONARY, VELOCITY, DISPLACEMENT, FORCE and PRESSURE.
NON-ACTIVE
Defined tool is not used in this stage.
STATIONARY
Defined tool is stationary in the current stage.
VELOCITY
Motion of defined tool is controlled by velocity curve in the current stage. The user may select one of the standard velocity curve options provided in AutoSetup: TRAPEZOIDAL, SINUSOIDAL, SIN.W-H, TRIANGULAR, and VARIABLE. The standard velocity curves are illustrated in Figure 8.2.65. The user may type in the peak velocity in the data input field of selected tool. The default velocity of die for the drawing process is set as 5000 mm/s. For the closing process, the default velocity of binder is set as 2000 mm/s.
(a) TRAPEZOIDAL (b) SINUSOIDAL
(c) SIN.W-H (d) TRIANGULAR
Figure 8.2.65 Types of standard velocity curves
If the user-defined curve is chosen, the Define button is activated to enable the user to define travel curve using the EDIT LOAD CURVE dialog box.
DISPLACEMENT
Tool travel of this stage is controlled by displacement-time curve. The user clicks the DEFINE button to create displacement-time curve. The procedure is similar to those described in the velocity curve section.
FORCE
Force is applied to selected tool of current stage in closure and/or drawing process. There are three types of force control: CONSTANT, vs. TIME and vs. DISPLACEMENT. If the constant force option is chosen, a constant force value is required. For the variable force option, the user clicks the Define button to create force- time curve or force-displacement curve.
This button
is activated when force control is selected. The user may use this function to
limit the maximum displacement of tools along their working directions. When
the force is applied on the binder ring, this function can prevent removal of
the binder ring and crushing of the blank due to insufficient or excessive
binder force. After clicking on this button, the user can set the corresponding
parameters. The interface is illustrated in Figure 8.2.66. The user can set the
Upper bound and Lower bound of rigid body stopper to constrain.
Figure 8.2.66 RIGID BODY STOPPERS dialog box
NON-ACTIVE: The rigid body stopper is non-active.
DISPLACEMENT: Define the displacement curve of this tool. The user may enter a constant or define the curve.
VELOCITY: Define the velocity curve of the tool. The user can select different types of curves or define curves. The program will automatically convert it into displacement curve.
Buttons show the initial letter, which indicate: no constraints, only constrain upper bound, only
constrain lower bound and constrain both.
Please refer to *CONSTRAINED_RIGID_BODY_STOPPERS keyword in LS-DYNA Keyword Manual for a detailed description.
PRESSURE
Apply pressure on selected tool in the current stage. The defined pressure curve is converted into force curve during output of decks.
USER DEFINED CURVE
In each setup, all the defined curves are managed by the curve editor. The user may create, import, modify existing curve using the function provided in the EDIT LOAD CURVE dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.67.
Figure 8.2.67 EDIT LOAD CURVE dialog box
IMPORT CURVE
Allows the user to import file consisting curve data. The extension of curve files is “.cur” or “.csv”. The curve file is defined according to the standard LS-DYNA keyword format.
.A typical curve format is shown in Figure 8.2.68.
Figure 8.2.68 Typical curve format
EXPORT CURVE
Allows the user to export current curve to a text file with “.cur” or “.csv” extension. Click the Export button to display the EXPORT CURVE dialog box, followed by typing in the name of file. Then, click the Save button to store the file in the selected folder.
INPUT
This page displays data the points of current curve. If no curve is defined, the user may create a new curve by entering point coordinates. The user may modify data points of existing curve using functions such as add, delete, insert and clear.
ADD: Allows the user to add a data point at the end of curve. Click the Add button to create two empty input data fields which are highlighted in yellow. Next, the user may key in data points in the input data field, followed by hitting the Apply button to complete the operation.
INSERT: Allows the user to insert a data point after current data point. Prior to clicking this button, the user may use the mouse cursor to choose the current data point. The selected data point is highlighted in yellow. Next, click the INSERT button to create two empty input data fields, followed by typing in the data point and hit the Apply button to complete the operation.
DELETE: Allows the user to remove current data point.
CLEAR ALL: Allows the user to clear all data points in current curve.
APPLY: The user may click the APPLY button after performing add or insert point operation. The curve is refreshed and displayed in the curve display window.
FORMULA
This page allows the user to create curve using mathematic formula such as linearity, quadratic, cubic, and sin (cos). When defining FLC curve, the Keeler’s empirical equation is used.
Figure 8.2.69 Formula Page
TYPE: Allows the user to select a type of formula used to create a curve. Types of formula includes: SIMPLE, QUADRATIC, CUBIC, SIN and COS, etc.
INTERVAL: Allows the user to specify interval of abscissa. Default value varies according to the type of selected formula.
ABSCI-START: Allows the user to specify start point of abscissa. Default value varies according to the type of selected formula.
ABSCI-END: Allows the user to specify end point of abscissa. Default value varies according to the type of selected formula.
PARAMETER: Allows the user to input required parameters for each formula.
After a formula is chosen, the expression of the formula is displayed in the
interface. For example, expression of QUADRATIC formula is: . To create quadratic curve,
the user must define parameters A, B, C and D.
APPLY: After defining parameters, the user may click the APPLY button to create curve. The created curves are displayed in the curve display area, while data points of the curve are listed in the INPUT page.
OPERATION
This page allows the user to perform additional operation to the curve, such as SCALE, TRANSLATE, etc.
Figure 8.2.70 Curve Operation
MODE: Define the curve operation mode. Including SCALE, TRANSLATE and NEGATE.
PARAMETER: The user may input curve operation parameters in the input data field. For example, the user needs to individually key in the scale factors for abscissa and ordinate to scale or translate a curve. The user can only negate a curve on the Y-axis.
APPLY: After specifying operation parameters, the user may click the APPLY button to complete the operation and refresh the curve displayed in the curve display area.
CLIPBOARD
This function allows the user to temporarily save the current curve to the clipboard of AutoSetup. The user may load the curve saved in the clipboard into the current curve interface. The user may also compare the curve in clipboard and current curve. The clipboard interface is illustrated Figure 8.2.71.
Figure 8.2.71 Clipboard Interface
DELETE: Remove the selected curves from clipboard.
CLEAR All: Remove all data stored in clipboard.
RESTORE: Allows the user to select curves from the clipboard and restore as the current curve. If current curve is defined, the program will prompt the user to use the curve in the clipboard to overwrite the current curve. The program displays a dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.72 to prompt the user for confirmation.
Figure 8.2.72 User Prompt dialog box
BACKUP: Copy the current curve to the curve clipboard. The program automatically adds a copied curve in the clipboard. All curve information in the clipboard is displayed.
NO.: Number of curves in clipboard.
TYPE: Type of curve such as time curve, stress-strain curve and FLC curve..
PNTS: Number of points on the curve.
STATUS: The user may control whether the curve in the clipboard is displayed in the show curve area. If the option is selected, the curve is displayed in gray in the curve display area (current curve is displayed in blue).
NOTE: The curve data on the clipboard is not saved in database file. After the user exits eta/DYNAFORM, all curves in the clipboard are automatically removed.
TOOLBAR OF CURVE EDITOR
The tool bar is displayed at the top of the curve display area. The user may operate the curves by using the functions provided in the tool bar. Tool bar interface is illustrated in Figure 8.2.73.
Figure 8.2.73 Curve Tool Bar
INSERT POINT
This function allows the user to insert a point on the curve. After clicking this button, the user may hover mouse cursor to desired location on the curve and click left mouse button to insert a point.
MOVE POINT
This function allows the user to move a point on the curve. After clicking this button, the user may place mouse cursor on any location near the curve in display area. The point that is the closest to the cursor is highlighted with a small circle. The user clicks left mouse button to select the point and the circle is turned to red. The user may click and drag the mouse to move the point to a desired location on the curve display window. Release the left mouse button to place the point at the new location. A typical move point operation is illustrated in Figure 8.2.74.
Figure 8.2.74 Move Points on the Curve
DELETE POINT
This function allows the user to delete points on a curve. After clicking this button, the user may move the cursor to a point on the curve and click the left mouse button to delete the point from the curve.
UNDO
Allow the user to undo the previous operation.
SHOW ALL POINTS
This function displays a small circle on each point on the curve.
SHOW CURSOR LINE
This function allows the user to show cursor line.
PAN
This function allows the user to pan the curve in the show curve window.
ZOOM BY WINDOW
This function allows the user to zoom in the curve by window. After clicking this function, the user needs to click and drag the left mouse button to define a rectangle region in the curve display window. Release the mouse button to zoom in the curve.
ZOOM BY DRAG
This function allows the user to zoom the curve view by dragging the mouse. The user clicks the left mouse button in the curve display window, holds the mouse button, and moves the mouse downward to zoom out. Move the mouse upward to zoom in the curve.
FIT VIEW
This function is used to adjust the view center and scale automatically to display the entire curve. allows the user to fit the entire curve in the curve display window.
DURATION
This function is used to control the duration of the current stage. The duration interface is illustrated in Figure 8.2.75. The user may select one of the four methods to define duration: Time, Travel, Closure and Until Home. Each of these four methods has its own advantages and requirements for different forming stages. The user may select an appropriate control method according to the requirement of the current setup.
Figure 8.2.75 Define duration time
DURATION TYPE
The user may select a control type from the TYPE pull-down menu.
TIME: Allows the user to define a time to control the current stage calculation time. This method is usually used in hydroforming simulation. The user may enter a time value in the input data field.
TRAVEL Allows the user to specify tool travel distance along the working direction. The user needs to select a reference tool from the tool list illustrated in Figure 8.2.76. Then, define the displacement of the tool along its working direction. The time of travel is automatically computed by AutoSetup.
Figure 8.2.76 Travel control stage time
NOTE: The working direction can be acting in either negative or positive direction of the axis. It is possible to set a negative value to indicate the stage time is controlled by the tool travel distance along the opposite direction of its working direction. In AutoSetup, working direction should be assigned for all tools.
CLOSURE Allows the user to choose closure time required to close two tools as duration time. The user needs to select two reference tools from the tool list illustrated in Figure 8.2.77.
Figure 8.2.77 Closure control stage time
FULLY MATCH: This option should be selected when the mesh of two selected tools are not created using physical offset. It is not required for the tools created using physical offset.
GAP: Allows the user to specify the distance from complete closure of the two selected tools to stop simulation of current stage. The calculation time is based on the mesh of the two tools, hence blank thickness has to be taken into account. If physical offset algorithm is chosen, the blank thickness is defined as the gap to calculate the closure time.
NOTE: When using two tools’ closure option, one of the tools has to be stationary, while the other must be controlled by velocity/displacement.
UNTIL HOME Facilitate the movement of selected tool to home position. The user needs to select a moving tool from the tool list as illustrated in Figure 8.2.78.
NOTE: If <ALL> is selected, the program will automatically calculate the tool motion curve and make all the tools with defined motion return to HOME position. This function is mainly used for flanging of multiple tools simultaneously.
Figure 8.2.78 Until home
OUTPUT D3PLOT FILE CONTROL
This function allows the user to define the time interval for outputting D3PLOT files. The D3PLOT files are output in equal time interval. The user may also insert some required special frames. AutoSetup provides four D3PLOT output control methods.
NOTE: The special frames can only be inserted when the motion velocity or displacement of tools are defined in this stage.
CONTROL TYPE
The four D3PLOT output control methods are: Total number, List from start, List from end and Time interval.
Total number
After inputting the total number of frames, the program automatically calculates the time interval and outputs it to the deck.
List from start
The user may input the distance list between tool and the start point to insert some special frames, as illustrated in Figure 8.2.79. The user may output special frames according to a certain order. For example, if it is from 0 to 10 and the step is 2, then output 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.
Figure 8.2.79 Add special output frames
ADD: The user may click this button to add special frames. After clicking this button, the program will list the corresponding distance value in the textbox on the left side according to the given conditions. If there are values in the textbox, the program will insert or add the new value according to the conditions input by the user.
SET: After inputting the given conditions, click this button to clear the values in the textbox and replace with new values.
DEFAULT: Click this button to show the default special frames.
OK: Save the current setting result and exit the special frames setup dialog box.
CANCEL: Exit the setup dialog box without saving the current setting.
List from end
The operation of this function is simular to the one of List from start.
Time interval
The user may directly input the time interval. The program will output a frame result after a time interval.
NOTE: The user may directly input the distance value in the textbox and press the Enter button to confirm. After exiting this dialog box, the program will automatically delete the illegal characters and manage the order of distance values.
After the user added special frames, the program shows the information about the added special frames on the main interface of the current stage. An example is illustrated in Figure 8.2.80.
Figure 8.2.80 D3PLOT File of Special Output Time Point
HYDRO MECHANICAL
This function allows the user to set parameters for hydro mechanical forming. The user may select the Hydro Option illustrated in Figure 8.2.81.
Figure 8.2.81 Hydro Forming
HYDRO MECH. PARAMETERS
In Hydro mech. field illustrated in Figure 8.2.82, the user may specify internal fluid pressure vs. time curve, boundary and direction of applied internal fluid pressure.
Figure 8.2.82 Hydro Mech. parameters setup
ABOVE: In press coordinate system, fluid pressure is applied on the top of blank illustrated in Figure 8.2.83.
Figure 8.2.83 Fluid pressure is applied on top of blank
BELOW: In press coordinate system, fluid pressure is applied on the bottom of blank illustrated in Figure 8.2.84.
Figure 8.2.84 Fluid pressure is applied on bottom of blank
BY NORMAL: Direction of fluid pressure is defined according to normal vector of blank element. The user needs to check and ensure the element normals are consistent. Otherwise, the setup is incorrect.
PRESSURE: Set up internal fluid pressure vs. time curve. This parameter is essential in sheet hydro forming. The user may click No pressure button to key in values of internal fluid pressure vs. time curve in the define dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.85.
Figure 8.2.85 Hydro Pressure-Time Curve Defines
CONSTANT: Define fixed internal fluid pressure. The user may key in a constant fluid pressure in the Pressure input data field.
CYCLE: Define analysis cycle time of fluid pressure. By default, cycle is set as 200.
TIME VARIABLE: Define variable internal fluid pressure. The user may click the EDIT button to display curve define interface. For a detailed description of curve definition, refer to Chapter 12.
MASK: Assign boundary of applied fluid pressure using closed loop line. Applied fluid pressure can be either inside or outside of the boundary. By default, fluid pressure is applied on all blank elements. Click the Entire button to display the MASK dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.86.
Figure 8.2.86 Define fluid pressure boundary
INSIDE Apply fluid pressure inside of the defined boundary line.
OUTSIDE Apply fluid pressure outside of the defined boundary line.
PROJECTING DIRECTION: Allow the user to select project direction. eta/DYNAFORM adopts one closed loop curve for the definition of fluid pressure, hence it is not necessary to position the curve on top of blank. The assigned curve is needed for projection onto the blank. Therefore, the project direction for closed curve is required. After the user clicks this button, the direction define dialog box is displayed. A detailed description of this function is provided in Section 8.2.4.3. The default project direction is Z-axis of the working coordinate system.
DX DY DZ: Display the coordinates of the end point of project vector. Default vector starting point is the origin of WCS.
POINTS: Display the number of points along curve.
LINES: The user may define region subjected to applied fluid pressure by defining a closed loop curve. After clicking this button, the SELECT CURVE dialog box is displayed.
POINTS: If no curve is provided in the database, the user may define a closed loop curve by clicking this button to create line using points.
NOTICE: When defining boundary of applied fluid pressure, it is recommended to select closed loop curve or a closed end point. If the curve/point is not closed, the program automatically closes curve and point.
CLEAR: Remove current defined line. The program displays a confirmation dialog box illustrated in Figure 8.2.87.
Figure 8.2.87 Confirmation dialog box
OK: Accepts the current setup and exits the dialog box.
CANCEL: Aborts the current setup and exits the dialog box.
If the region subjected to applied fluid pressure is defined, the PARTIAL is displayed on the button next to MASK. This indicates only part of elements on the blank is subjected to applied fluid pressure.
SINGLE POINT CONSTRAINTS (SPCs)
This function allows the user to define single point constraint. Click on SPCs(0) button to display the dialog box as shown in Figure Figure 8.2.88. The user should select the constraint type prior to clicking the NEW… button to apply constraint to selected nodes. The node IDs with defined constraint are listed in the box illustrated in Figure 8.2.87. The highlighted node with defined constraint is marked with red label on the display screen. The currently selected constraint node is marked with angular brackets.
Figure 8.2.88 Single Point Constraints dialog box
The types of constraint include:
All: Constrain all the degrees of freedom.
Hinged (UVW): Hinged constraint. Constrain translation of all directions.
GuideW (UV): Constrain translation along U and V direction.
GuideV (UW): Constrain translation along U and W direction.
GuideU (VW): Constrain translation along V and W direction.
PlaneVW (U): Constrain part motion on VW plane only.
PlaneWU (V): Constrain part motion on WU plane only.
PlaneUV (W): Constrain part motion on UV plane only
SymUW (Vuw): Define part symmetry about UW plane.
SymVW (Uvw): Define part symmetry about VW plane.
User defined: Allow the user to customize constraints.
If User defined option is selected, the user can toggle on any checkbox to define translation and/or rotation constraints. U, V and W indicate translation constraints in X, Y and Z, respectively. u, v and w indicate rotation constraints in X, Y and Z, respectively.
T: Translation constraints.
R: Rotation constrains.
NEW: Select nodes.
MODIFY: Modify constraint type after selecting constraint points.
DELETE: Delete the selected constraints.
DELETE ALL: Delete all constraints.
OK: Accept defined constraints and exit SPCs dialog box.
CANCEL: Reject defined constraints and exit SPCs dialog box.
In Control parameter page, the user is allowed to set up basic parameters to control calculation. These parameters include time step size, Selective mass scaling, Refining meshes, Output ascii file, etc. Control parameter setup interface is illustrated in Figure 8.2.89.
GENERAL
SELECTIVE MASS SCALING: Allow the user to determine whether to use the selective mass scaling or not. If this option is selected, the time step will be reset to -1.2e-005. Therefore, the user should toggle on this option first, and then modify the time step.
TIME STEP SIZE: Allow the user to set up time step size. Default time step size is -1.2e-6.
Clicking button,
the program will automatically calculate the time step size according to the
element size and adaptive grade.
ADVANCED: Advanced setup for basic parameters. The interface is illustrated in Figure 8.2.90.
Figure 8.2.89 Basic control parameter setup interface
Figure 8.2.90 Basic parameter advanced setup interface
ADAPTIVE MESHING
TIME STEPS (ENDTIME/ADPFREQ): Allow the user to set the adaptive frequency (ADPFREQ). Default
value is 40. Clicking , the program will automatically calculate the adaptive frequency
according to tool travel.
TOLERANCE IN DEGREES (ADPTOL): Set angle change between elements during adaptive meshing. If angle change is greater than 5°, the coarse elements are divided into fine elements.
MAX. REFINEMENT LEVELS (MAXLVL): Set maximum allowable refinement level. Default level is 4, which mean a square/triangular element is split twice. For example, 1 square element is split into 64 square elements using MAXLVL of 4.
EXCLUSION: The user is allowed to control the adaptive meshing in tool travel, such as the remeshing of the rear closing travel of 5mm, as illustrated in Figure 8.2.91.
Figure 8.2.91 Adaptive exclusion setting
ADVANCED: Advanced setting for adaptive meshing. The interface is illustrated in Figure 8.2.92.
Figure 8.2.92 Adaptive advanced parameters
OUTPUT ASCII FILE
The first column is used to control the output of database result files and the second column is used to control the output time interval. If interval is not selected, the program will use the default time interval. If the interval option is selected, the user may input the time interval in the textbox. An example is illustrated in Figure 8.2.93.
Figure 8.2.93 Output ascii file setup interface
LOAD
The user can click LOAD button to load control parameter template. The format of the control parameter template is *.dyn.